Adrenal Adaptogen

Adrenal Adaptogenic® is a comprehensive blend of standardized extracts of the highest-quality adaptogenic herbs plus three B vitamins. These ingredients aid in adrenal hormone production and support the body’s adaptogenic response. The formula is designed to support healthy energy levels, antioxidant activity, and healthy immune function.*

Cordyceps sinensis (cordyceps) As a highly regarded cornerstone of Chinese medicine, cordyceps has been used for centuries for its far-reaching restorative effects. It is a safe, highly valued herb with activities that support nearly every physiological system impacted by the body’s response to normal everyday stressors, including the immune and cardiovascular systems.[1-4] Cordyceps has been used to support good balance, strength, and a healthy body weight. It is also widely and traditionally used to increase energy and enhance stamina.[1,2] It has a positive effect on blood sugar and fat metabolism, which is important because fats and sugars are actively mobilized during activation of the stress response to supply the body with extra energy.[1,4]

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practitioners also recommend the regular use of cordyceps to strengthen the body.[1] Furthermore, the cell-protective and antioxidant activities of cordyceps have been documented.*[1,4-7] Rhodiola rosea (rhodiola) This adaptogenic herb has been used traditionally in Eastern Europe and Asia for centuries to increase stamina, maintain a healthy mood, support the nervous and immune systems, and maintain healthy male sexual function.[8,9] According to Panossian et al, experimental studies performed on isolated organs, tissues, cells, and enzymes demonstrate that rhodiola preparations exhibit adaptogenic effects that support nerve, brain, and heart health and are calming, longevity-enhancing, and central nervous system stimulation.[9] In addition, experimental animal models suggest that the root extract may be able to support normal heart rhythm.[10]

Rhodiola may also have a positive effect on brain neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin, and may influence endogenous opioid levels. [8] According to a review of the literature on rhodiola, supplementation supports healthy work performance, quality of sleep, appetite, and energy levels subsequent to intense physical or intellectual strain. Salidrosides and rosavin have been identified as primary actives. The rhodiola extract in this formula is standardized to provide no less than 1%-3% salidrosides and 3% rosavin.*

Panax ginseng (ginseng) As an important herbal remedy in TCM, ginseng has been used for thousands of years, primarily for energy production. The main active agents have been identified as ginsenosides, and they are the focus of much published research.[11] Experimental models show that ginseng and ginsenosides have beneficial effects in supporting the adrenal glands; protecting the gastric mucosa; and supporting healthy body weight, blood hormones, and the gene expression of catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes.[11-15] Ginsenosides also have immune-supporting and cytokine-modulating activities.*[12,16] Vitamin B6, Pantothenic Acid, and Para-Aminobenzoic Acid (PABA) Pantothenic acid is essential to the adrenal glands for production of the glucocorticoids. It forms pantethine in the body, which then converts to coenzyme-A—the most active metabolic enzyme in the human body needed to produce cellular energy.[17] D-calcium pantothenate contains 91.96% pantothenic acid and is the usual supplemental form.

Vitamin B6, acting as a coenzyme, has a role in the conversion of muscle glycogen to glucose, which is needed for a proper response to stressors; the synthesis of serotonin; and the support of the immune function.[18] PABA has a role in amino acid metabolism and is needed to manufacture folic acid.* The Thyroid Connection The interplay between healthy adrenal function and healthy thyroid function has long been recognized by functional medicine practitioners. In fact, cortisol acts in concert with thyroid hormone at the receptor-gene level, and a normal physiologic amount of cortisol is important for normal thyroid function.*[19]

Tyrosine NAC

Each Tyrosine NAC capsule contains 400 mg of L-tyrosine, a conditionally essential amino acid the body can convert to the neurotransmitters dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. These neurotransmitters are found to increase mental alertness and focus and also preserve normal memory under stressful conditions. N-acetyl-Lcysteine is present to support glutathione production, antioxidant activity, and neuronal protection.*

Tyrosine, or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, a proteogenic, non-essential amino acid that can be synthesized in the body from phenylalanine, is converted into dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Although present in foods such as dairy, eggs, soy, peanuts, sesame, seaweed, avocados, bananas, poultry, lima beans, and others, tyrosine, when consumed in food, must compete for absorption with the other amino acids present. Taken as a supplement, tyrosine does not have to compete with other amino acids and, therefore, its full benefits can be realized.*

Stress conditions, such as a cold environment, psychological stress, sleep deprivation, and strenuous, prolonged athletic activity, appear to reduce the body’s ability to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine. This underproduction may manifest itself as poor memory and performance. Tyrosine, as a precursor for catecholamine synthesis, presumably augments brain catecholamine levels and improves working memory under stress. Tyrosine also supports adrenal and pituitary function, and may increase thyroid hormone. Additionally, it is necessary for production of the skin pigment, melanin. Oral contraceptives may cause a decline in tyrosine plasma levels, possibly because estrogen can increase glucocorticoid levels. This, in turn, elevates levels of tyrosine aminotransferase, which degrades tyrosine in the liver.*

Although increased dopamine may be beneficial in some circumstances, excessive synthesis of this neurotransmitter generates hydoxy radicals that stress glutathione levels. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a derivative of the amino acid, L-cysteine, is the precursor to glutathione and helps augment the body’s reserve of this important antioxidant. It has been included in this formula primarily to protect the neurons against dopamine toxicity. However, NAC also lessens the load on the methylation cycle, thereby decreasing the load on the THB cycle and promoting the conversion of tyrosine to dopamine.* Only a percentage of the tyrosine consumed will make it into the brain for conversion to catecholamines. The rest will be picked up for structural protein usage, etc. The only component that needs to be balanced with a glutathione precursor is the portion of tyrosine that is converted into catecholamines. For this reason, less NAC than tyrosine is present.

Adrenal Support ES

Adrenal Support ES® features a comprehensive blend of nutrients and botanical extracts targeted to supporting the body’s adaptogenic response to promote optimal energy production, stamina, and the management of everyday stressors. Adrenal glandular tissue, sourced from Argentinian bovine to safeguard purity, rounds out the ingredient profile.*

Cortisol is one of the main stress-mediating glucocorticoid hormones produced by the adrenal gland. It acts to maintain blood glucose levels necessary for normal brain and physical functions. Typically, cortisol levels spike in the morning and gradually decrease throughout the day. When the body is under stress, cortisol production increases. With prolonged increased levels of cortisol, the body produces more glucose leading to an increase in risk for depressed immune function, increased production of cytokines, insulin resistance, weight gain, and other potentially chronic conditions.

Eventually, the adrenal production of cortisol weakens resulting in “adrenal fatigue,” which causes feelings of tiredness, mild depression, and general malaise. Adrenal Support ES® is formulated to support Individuals who present with cortisol levels that are low throughout the day and are sometimes referred to as being in the “burnout” or “flat-line” stage of adrenal fatigue.* Vitamin C The release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland in tandem with the body’s physiological response to stress will deplete the relatively large amount of vitamin C typically stored in the adrenal cortex.[1,2] This vitamin is essential for the synthesis of epinephrine, the hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress. Epinephrine, in turn, plays a role in the synthesis of aldosterone, the hormone that regulates blood pressure, volume, and pH.* Vitamin B6, Pantothenic Acid Vitamin B6, acting as a coenzyme, has a role in the conversion of muscle glycogen to glucose, which is needed for a proper response to stressors, the synthesis of serotonin, and the support of the immune function.[3]

Physiologically, vitamin B6 influences the adrenal glucocorticoid receptor, stimulates the secretion of adrenal catecholamines, and aids in sodium and potassium balance.*[2] Pantothenic acid is essential to the adrenal glands for the production of glucocorticoids. It forms pantethine in the body, which then converts to coenzyme-A—the most active metabolic enzyme in the human body needed to produce cellular energy.[4] Pantothenic acid plays a critical role in the utilization of fats and carbohydrates in energy production and in the manufacture of adrenal hormones and red blood cells.*[5] Asian Ginseng (Panax) As an important herbal remedy in traditional Chinese medicine, Panax ginseng has been used for thousands of years, primarily for energy production. The main active agents have been identified as ginsenosides, and they are the focus of much published research.[6] Experimental models show that ginseng and ginsenosides have beneficial effects in supporting the adrenal glands; protecting the gastric mucosa; and supporting healthy body weight, blood hormones, and the gene expression of catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes.[6-10]

Ginsenosides also have immune-supporting and cytokine-modulating activities.*[7,11] Eleuthero In the 1950s, Russian researchers investigated the properties of eleuthero and discovered that it had “adaptogenic” activity. An adaptogen refers to a substance that supports the body’s ability to adapt and promote healthy physiological functioning, most notably in relation to stress. This balancing effect has been evaluated in numerous human clinical trials that demonstrate the ability of eleuthero to increase stamina, mental alertness, and the capability of the participants to handle stress.*[12,19]

Rhodiola This adaptogenic herb has been used traditionally in Eastern Europe and Asia for centuries to increase stamina, maintain a healthy mood, support the nervous and immune systems, and maintain healthy male sexual function.[13,14] According to Panossian et al, experimental studies performed on isolated organs, tissues, cells, and enzymes demonstrated that rhodiola preparations exhibit adaptogenic effects that support nerve, brain, and heart health and instill calm, enhance longevity, and stimulate the nervous system.[14] Rhodiola may also have a positive effect on brain neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin, and may influence endogenous opioid levels.[13] According to a review of the literature on rhodiola, supplementation supports healthy work performance, quality of sleep, appetite, and energy levels subsequent to intense physical or intellectual strain.

Salidrosides and rosavin have been identified as primary actives. The rhodiola extract in Adrenal Support ES is standardized to provide no less than 1% salidrosides and 3% rosavin.* Schisandra Schisandra has been widely studied for its effect on helping the body adapt to psychological and physical stressors. It has been suggested that schisandra affects the basal levels of nitric oxide and cortisol, which promote endurance and accuracy of movement, mental performance, and working capacity.*[15,16] Schisandra is commonly used in combination with other adaptogens. In a double-blind placebo-controlled trial with rhodiola and eleuthero, improvement in attention as well as speed and accuracy on cognitive tasks was noted.*[17] Adrenal Gland (from Argentina bovine), Licorice Root Adrenal gland derived from pure Argentinian bovine is a complementary ingredient traditionally used to replenish adrenal function.[18] Licorice contains triterpenoid saponins that influence cortisol balance, and it is a staple herb for supporting adrenal insufficiency.*[19]

Stress Management

Stress Manager® helps your body resist and recover from the effects of everyday stress. Components of this multifunctional formula have been shown to support healthy cortisol levels, help alleviate occasional fatigue, promote mental clarity, and support relaxation and restful sleep.*

Stress Manager is a multifunctional herbal supplement that has far-reaching and complementary benefits for individuals seeking help in dealing with everyday stress. It features a unique combination of clinically tested and patented ingredients, including Relora®, Sensoril®, and Suntheanine®, along with banaba leaf and maral extracts. Together, these herbs help the overstressed body and mind work toward their normal state of balance and resolve many of the biochemical changes that occur as a result of repeated, frequent exposure to stressors and cortisol.*

Relora® is a patented and proprietary blend of Magnolia officinalis and Phellodendron amurense bark extracts standardized to honokiol and berberine, respectively. These herbs have a history of traditional use in treating stress and occasional feelings of anxiousness. In modern times, they and their actives (honokiol and berberine) are used to support relaxation and reduce the perception of stress and stress-related eating. Rodent stress studies demonstrate a reduction in induced feelings of anxiousness.[1,2] Human studies demonstrate positive changes in DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) and cortisol levels, less weight gain (compared to controls), and reductions in perceived stress and transitory feelings of anxiousness in subjects taking Relora (500 mg to 750 mg for four to six weeks).[2-5]

As an example, cortisol exposure and psychological mood states were studied in 56 subjects (35 men and 21 women) taking Relora (250 mg twice daily) or placebo. After four weeks of supplementation, salivary cortisol exposure was significantly (p<0.05) lower (−18%) in the Relora group compared to placebo. The Relora group also had significantly better (p<0.05) mood state parameters, including lower indices of overall stress (−11%), tension (−13%), anger (−42%), occasional fatigue (−31%), and confusion (−27%), and higher indices of global mood state (+11%) and vigor (+18%).*[3] Sensoril® is an optimized ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root and leaf extract that represents a major advancement in ashwagandha preparations. Sensoril’s proprietary and patented extraction process produces very high, powerful levels of stress-fighting, cognition-enhancing ashwagandha bioactive constituents. In fact, Sensoril is standardized to a minimum of 10% glycowithanolides. Sensoril’s excellent safety record is one of the most comprehensive of any ashwagandha ingredient sold.* Ashwagandha has been revered as an adaptogen for thousands of years. It is used to balance, energize, and revitalize the body and for its value as a cognition enhancer. Sensoril possesses multiple health benefits, and its superior efficacy has been demonstrated in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human clinical trials.[6-10] The results of these trials revealed that Sensoril, taken in doses of 500 to 1000 mg/d, supported healthy cortisol and DHEA levels; enhanced working memory, reaction time, and cognitive capacity; improved auditory-verbal working memory; ameliorated negative changes in cardiovascular parameters associated with mental stress; and improved endothelial function and glucose and lipid metabolism.* Suntheanine® is a pure form of L-theanine that is produced via a patented fermentation process, resulting in a 100% pure L-isomertheanine. Clinical research suggests that 50 to 200 mg/d of Suntheanine naturally stimulates activity in the brain known as alpha waves, which are associated with a relaxed but alert mental state.[11] L-theanine had significant anti-stress effects on experimental animals under psychosocial stress.[12] In humans, similar results were observed wherein L-theanine helped the body resist biochemical changes associated with stress.[13,14] In a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial, a high dose of Suntheanine (400 mg/d) given to boys, aged 8-12 years, improved aspects of sleep quality, including significantly higher sleep percentage and sleep efficiency scores as well as a non-significant trend for less activity during sleep.*[15] Banaba Leaf (1% Corosolic Acid) and Maral Extracts Banaba leaf (Lagerstroemia speciosa) has a long history of use in folk medicine, particularly in Southeast Asia, as a glucose modulator. More recently, animal and human research on banaba leaf and its actives, including corosolic acid, suggest multiple mechanisms that influence glucose and lipid metabolism.[16,17] Furthermore, corosolic acid inhibits the enzyme that facilitates the conversion of cortisone to cortisol.[18] Maral extract (Rhaponticum carthamoides) has been widely used in traditional Siberian medicine, mainly to treat overstrain and common weakness resulting from illness. It has also been used historically as a stimulant and a remedy to support male sexual function.*[19]

Adrenal B5

Adrenal B5™ is formulated to support the body’s efforts in adrenal hormone production and energy generation. It provides activated B vitamins, vitamin C, and L-carnitine, as well as BioPerine® to support nutrient absorption. The Quatrefolic®† form of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) is present for optimal folate bioavailability. L-carnitine enhances activation of pantothenate kinase—the first, most critical enzyme involved in the metabolic conversion of pantothenic acid to coenzyme A.*

Pantothenic Acid (as d-calcium pantothenate) Pantothenic acid, a B complex vitamin also known as vitamin B5, occurs as an unstable oil. Its water-soluble salt, d-calcium pantothenate, is the form most commonly used in supplements. D-calcium pantothenate is composed of 91.5% pantothenic acid and 7.5% calcium. Among its many physiological functions, pantothenic acid is a precursor to the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA), is an essential cofactor for ATP production, and is essential to the adrenal cortex for production of glucocorticoids.* Vitamin B6 (as pyridoxal 5’-phosphate and pyridoxine HCl)

Adrenal B5™ provides vitamin B6 as both pyridoxine HCl and activated pyridoxal 5’-phosphate, the form in which B6 is transported in the blood. Physiologically, vitamin B6 influences the adrenal glucocorticoid receptor, stimulates the secretion of adrenal catecholamines, and aids in sodium and potassium balance.* Vitamin C (as magnesium ascorbate) The release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland in tandem with the body’s physiological response to stress will deplete the relatively large amount of vitamin C typically stored in the adrenal cortex.[1] This vitamin is essential for the synthesis of epinephrine, the hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress.

Epinephrine, in turn, plays a role in the synthesis of aldosterone, the hormone that regulates blood pressure, volume, and pH.* Folate (as calcium folinate and 5-MTHF) Adrenal B5 provides the activated form of folic acid—5-MTHF as Quatrefolic[2]—to ensure superior bioavailability. Folic acid is important for building and repairing protein that may be broken down by stress hormones. It is also key to the synthesis of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that affects mood, appetite, and sleep,[3, 4] all of which are often negatively affected by stress.* L- Carnitine (as tartrate) This conditionally essential nutrient derived from lysine is needed for the “carnitine shuttle.” It transports longchain fatty acyl CoA from the outside to the inside of the mitochondria, making it a key nutrient in the production of energy.* BioPerine® This patented extract of black pepper (Piper nigra) has been shown to significantly enhance the availability of vitamin C and vitamin B6.*[5]

REFERENCES

Tyrosine NAC

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Adrenal Adaptogen

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5. Marchbank T, Ojobo E, Playford CJ, et al. Reparative properties of the traditional Chinese medicine Cordyceps sinensis (Chinese caterpillar mushroom) using HT29 cell culture and rat gastric damage models of injury. Br J Nutr. 2011 May;105(9):1303-10. [PMID: 21272405]

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7. [Epub ahead of print] [PMID: 21382957] 7. Shen W, Song D, Wu J, et al. Protective effect of a polysaccharide isolated from a cultivated Cordyceps mycelia on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells. Phytother Res. 2011 May;25(5):675-80. doi: 10.1002/ ptr.3320. [PMID: 21043033]

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10. Maslov LN, Lishmanov IuB. [Cardioprotective and antiarrhythmic properties of Rhodiolae roseae preparations] [in Russian]. Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2007 SepOct;70(5):59-67. [PMID: 18074810]

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Adrenal Support ES

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4. National Institutes of Health. Office of Dietary Supplements. Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Vitamin B6. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB6- HealthProfessional/ Updated February 11, 2016. Accessed September 11, 2017.

5. Kelly CJ. Invigorating the context and content of nutrition in medical education. Aca Med. 2011 Nov;86(11):1340. [PMID: 22030639]

6. Kiefer D, Pantuso T. Panax ginseng. Am Fam Physician. 2003 Oct 15;68(8):1539-42. [PMID: 14596440]

7. Jia L, Zhao Y, Liang XJ. Current evaluation of the millennium phytomedicine ginseng (II): Collected chemical entities, modern pharmacology, and clinical applications emanated from traditional Chinese medicine. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(22):2924-42. [PMID: 19689273]

8. Kim Y, Choi EH, Doo M, et al. Anti-stress effects of ginseng via down-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH) gene expression in immobilization-stressed rats and PC12 cells. Nutr Res Pract. 2010 Aug;4(4):270-75. [PMID: 20827341]

9. Tachikawa E, Kudo K, Hasegawa H, et al. In vitro inhibition of adrenal catecholamine secretion by steroidal metabolites of ginseng saponins. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003 Dec 1;66(11):2213-21. [PMID: 14609746]

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16. Upton R, ed. Schisandra Berry (Schisandra chinensis): Analytical, Quality Control and Therapeutic Monograph. Santa Cruz, CA: American Herbal Pharmacopoeia; 1999:1-25. http://cms.herbalgram.org/herbclip/pdfs/011007-185.pdf.

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Stress management

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Adrenal B5

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