Multi Without Iron

Balanced Profile Vitamins and minerals work synergistically and cooperatively when present in proper amounts. However, imbalances between micronutrients can disrupt this synergistic relationship, possibly leading to instances of competitive intestinal absorption or displacement at the metabolic/cellular level, which can produce relative excesses and insufficiencies. For this reason, Multi Without Iron formulas feature a balanced nutrient profile that includes calcium and magnesium, zinc and copper, vitamins C and E, bioactive folate, vitamin B12, B vitamin complex, beta-carotene, and trace elements.*

Bioavailability- The micronutrients are provided in bioavailable forms so that they can be better absorbed and utilized. Multi Without Iron formulas contain a full complement of Albion® patented mineral chelates and complexes. Albion is a recognized world leader in mineral amino acid chelate nutrition and manufactures highly bioavailable nutritional mineral forms that are validated by third-party research and clinical studies. Not only do these formulas contain natural vitamin E, which has been proven to be up to 100% more bioavailable than synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol, but it also provides mixed tocopherols to more closely approximate how one might consume vitamin E in healthful foods.[9,10] Folate is provided as 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF)—the most bioactive form of folate.[11] Multi Without Iron formulas feature 5-MTHF as Quatrefolic®, which is proven to have greater stability, solubility, and bioavailability over calcium salt forms of 5-MTHF. Vitamin B12 is provided as MecobalActive™. This patented form of methylcobalamin has very high purity; no harmful solvents are used in its production.[12] Vitamins B2 and B6 are also provided in activated forms.*

Energy Production Multi Without Iron formulas provide generous levels of B vitamins, which serve as prime coenzymes in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation and as cofactors in amino acid and lipid metabolism. The balanced presence of B vitamins is essential to their cooperative functioning and excellent for those with stressful lifestyles.* Antioxidant Protection Vitamins E and C, selenium, zinc, beta carotene, and trace elements provide broad-spectrum antioxidant activity. Their combined presence supports their ability to regenerate each other and maintain consistent levels of antioxidant activity both intra- and extracellularly.* Detoxification Support Xenobiotics, including environmental pollutants and medications, must undergo biotransformation into molecules that can be easily excreted from the body. There are significant levels of bioavailable riboflavin, niacin, folate, and B12 present in these formulas to support phase I detoxification. Beta carotene, vitamin C, tocopherols, selenium, copper, zinc, and manganese are present to protect tissues from reactive intermediates formed between phase I and phase II detoxification.*

This high-quality, hypoallergenic, multivitamin/mineral blend includes activated vitamins; folate as Quatrefolic® (5-MTHF) for optimal utilization; and patented Albion® TRAACS® chelated mineral complexes in vegetarian capsules. The comprehensive nutrient profile in Multi Without Iron® supports foundational wellness; antioxidant activity with vitamins C and E, selenium, and beta-carotene; and phase I detoxification.*

MCHC plus Mag

Numerous published studies support the safety, tolerability, and bone health-related effectiveness of MCHC supplementation.[1,2] Studies suggest that the bioavailability of calcium from MCHC supplements may be as good as or better than the bioavailability of calcium from calcium gluconate supplements.[3,4]

PRx Products utilize standardized, safe, bovine-sourced MCHC from New Zealand, a country with stringent standards. Its production features a proprietary technique that preserves the bioactive contents of bone. This process creates a naturally balanced formula because whole bone extract provides all of the nutrients found in healthy bone.* Unlike other calcium supplements on the market, MCHC plus Mag consists of collagenous and non-collagenous proteins and peptides. These compounds include insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I, IGF-II), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), and osteocalcin, factors that stimulate alkaline phosphatase activity and support metabolism in human bone cells.[5] Removal of the protein fraction appears to reduce the positive effects of the formula, highlighting the importance of its presence.*[6] A study suggested that the occurrence of positive and statistically significant changes in forearm bone integrity were the result of daily supplementation with 3000 mg of microcrystalline hydroxyapatite.[7]

Earlier studies compared MCHC plus Mag to other forms of calcium with regard to the support of normal bone turnover and bone mineral integrity. In one 20-month, double-blind study, women were given 1400 mg of elemental calcium (equivalent to approximately 5000 mg MCHC) as either calcium carbonate or MCHC plus Mag. At the end of the study, the presence of bone integrity was statistically significant in the MCHC plus Mag group.*[8] Clinical trials suggested that MCHC plus Mag supplementation was well tolerated and yielded a positive outcome for dental status, bone integrity, and healthy bone metabolism.[9,10] A randomized, controlled study indicated that the addition of MCHC plus Mag to exogenously administered hormones provided statistically significant support (4.7%, P<0.1) to vertebral bone mass.[10] Another study of 60 subjects suggested that bone mass was maintained while on MCHC plus Mag.*[11] MCHC plus Mag is high-quality MCHC from New Zealand. The World Organization for Animal Health (the OIE) has classified New Zealand as a “negligible BSE risk country,” the most favorable official classification a country can be given.[12] MCHC plus Mag is manufactured under proprietary processes that meet FDA, USDA, and EU regulatory requirements. Gentle processing is used to retain the delicate protein matrix and organic factors. X-ray-diffraction analysis confirms the microcrystalline structure. The MCHC is assayed for hydroxyproline content. The collagen content is greater than 22% with the majority being type l, the predominant collagen occurring in bone. Frequent heavy metal assays assure purity. MCHC plus Mag 1100™ delivers 1100 mg of MCHC plus Mag per capsule. MCHC plus Mag MD™ delivers 500 mg of MCHC plus Mag per capsule along with vitamin D, magnesium, and additional calcium. Vitamin D is provided as cholecalciferol, which stimulates intestinal calcium absorption and helps support calcium and phosphorus homeostasis in the body. Calcium is provided as MCHC and DimaCal® dicalcium malate, and magnesium is provided as Albion dimagnesium malate and TRAACS® magnesium bisglycinate chelate. The buffering malate forms of calcium and magnesium do not react with stomach acid and are less likely than carbonates to cause discomfort and acid rebound.*[13]

Omega Oil 900 TG

Affects the Production of Arachidonic Acid-Derived Eicosanoids* » Helps the Body Generate Specialized Proresolving Lipid Mediators, Such as Resolvins and Protectins* » Supports Cardiovascular Health* » Supports Healthy Mental Functioning* » Supports Healthy Glucose and Insulin Metabolism* Omega Oil 900 TG Fish Oils are International Fish Oil Standards (IFOS) five-star certified, which assures the highest level of purity, stability, and potency in fish oils. Each dose of these concentrated fish oils provides 600-900 mg of EPA and DHA and is delivered in a small, fish-gelatin–based softgel. With the exception of Omega Oil 900 TG 820, the softgels are covered with a GRAS-certified enteric coating so that they are easy to swallow and the EPA/DHA content is optimally absorbed. EPA and DHA from fish oil promote wellness by supporting cardiovascular health, cytokine balance, joint health, and brain and nervous system function.*

IFOS Five-Star Certified Purity and quality are paramount when selecting fish oil supplements. This is precisely why Pro Recovery Rx chose an Alaskan fish oil that is IFOS (international fish oil standards) five-star certified. IFOS is the only third-party testing and certification program for omega-3 fish oil products; it sets the gold standard for analyzing products for comparison to the highest industry standards with regard to contaminants, stability, heavy metals, and potency. Furthermore, IFOS provides detailed results for all testing categories for each individual lot tested. These assays are displayed on the IFOS website. [1] IFOS is exclusively focused on omega-3 fish oil products, and it has longstanding experience with testing fish oil at all points along the supply chain.

Five-star certification means: • Product complies with all CRN† /GOED††/WHO††† testing categories • Quantity of active ingredients matches the label claim • Oxidation level is below the CRN/GOED standard by at least 75% • PCB levels are below the CRN/GOED standard by at least 50% • Dioxin levels are below the WHO standard by at least 50% Source and Processing The omega-3 concentrate used in Pro Recovery Rx’s Omega Oil 900 TG line of fish oils is exclusively sourced from US-caught fish, namely certified sustainable wild Alaskan walleye pollock and Pacific whiting obtained from the cold, clear waters off Alaska. Freshly caught fish are processed within hours to make quick-frozen fish fillets. The result is exceptionally fresh raw fish oil.

To achieve the level of quality found in Omega Oil 900 TG fish oils, a series of critical steps are undertaken: (1) raw fish oil triglycerides are broken down into ethyl esters; (2) EPA and DHA are separated from other fats and concentrated through flash distillation; (3) cold extraction further concentrates the oil, resulting in up to 85% omega-3; (4) molecular distillation removes fishy odor and taste, resulting in extremely fresh oil; (5) PCBs, chlorinated organopollutants, and toxic heavy metals are removed through filtration; and (6) high purity products are packaged in 190 kg drums or 900 kg totes under inert gas. GRAS-Certified Enteric Coating Omega Oil 900 TG fish oils employ a fishgelatin—not a bovine-gelatin—softgel that is enteric-coated (except for Omega Oil 900 TG 820) and GRAS-certified to further guarantee quality.

The enteric coating helps ensure that the fish oils reach the small intestine before being metabolized, resulting in better delivery of actives to the intestines for absorption. This delivery may also reduce the occurrence of a fishy aftertaste.* Ethyl Ester Form Despite aggressive marketing claims to the contrary, a recent publication by Oelrich et al found that no significant difference in the effect on serum triglycerides was detected in patients taking triglyceride (TG) or ethyl ester forms of omega-3 supplements.[2] In the study, three fish oil supplementation forms were examined. The active therapy was 4 g/ day of combined EPA and DHA provided as: a 90% TG formulation, a 60% TG formulation, or ethyl esters (i.e., 0% TG).

In addition to the main finding, researchers also noted that the omega-3 fish oils provided in the ethyl ester form tended to have less impact on increasing LDL-cholesterol levels compared to the omega-3 fish oils delivered in the triglyceride form.* Health Benefits of EPA/DHA Research and studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids antagonize arachidonic acid-induced eicosanoid formation; help generate resolvins and protectins to aid the body’s “cleanup” response to the arachidonic acid cascade; promote neurological health and mental functioning; and promote cardiovascular health, a balanced immune response, and healthy glucose and insulin metabolism.[3-15] Research suggests that it takes 2 g/day of DHA supplementation over a period of a month to saturate the plasma and three to six months of supplementation to saturate the tissues.[16] Concentrations of DHA increased in breast milk within less than a week of supplementation.*[16]

Vitamin D3 2000

While vitamin D3 2000(cholecalciferol) is made in the skin when 7-dehydrocholesterol reacts with sunlight, many things affect the degree to which this biosynthesis occurs, including time of day, seasons, location, smog/pollution, clothing, shade of skin (darker skin requires more sun), and sunscreen use. Low-cholesterol diets and certain cholesterol therapies can also affect vitamin D formation. By some estimates, one billion people worldwide have vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency.[1]

Reversing deficiency and maintaining optimal serum vitamin D levels beneficially impacts biochemistry and numerous body systems; this is largely because calcitriol—the metabolic product of vitamin D—is a secosteroid hormone that targets over 200 genes in a wide variety of tissues.[2,3] As the research demonstrates, vitamin D is clearly imperative for the development, growth, and maintenance of a healthy body from gestation to senescence.* Bone Health The body needs vitamin D to absorb calcium, and the importance of vitamin D in skeletal health and bone density is well established. Although bone density is most often associated with calcium intakes, insufficient vitamin D negatively affects calcium absorption.[3] Without adequate absorption, the body must take calcium from its stores in the skeleton, which weakens existing bone and prevents the formation of strong, new bone.

Clinical research shows that taking vitamin D orally with calcium supplements can support healthy bone turnover[4-6], and adequate calcium and vitamin D throughout life—as part of a well-balanced diet—may reduce the risk of osteoporosis.* The Expanding Roles of Vitamin D The role of vitamin D in good health continues to expand as the knowledge of this vitamin’s effects on different body systems grows. Research now suggests that optimal serum levels of vitamin D support normal cell differentiation,[3,7] cardiovascular health,[2,3] normal immune function,[8] good balance,[2] healthy mood,[9] normal fetal development,[10] neuronal growth and neurodevelopment,[2,3,10,11] healthy glucose metabolism,[2,3] musculoskeletal comfort,[2,3] periodontal health,[12] and normal intestinal immune responses.[8]

Areas of research that have gained momentum over the past several years concern the relationship of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency to changes in cellular proliferation, changes in fetal brain development, and mental health. [7,10,13-15] Evidence is also mounting that vitamin D supplementation may provide key immune support.*[16-19] D2, D3, and Metabolites As previously stated, D3 is the form of vitamin D produced in the skin. D2 (ergocalciferol) is derived from fungal sources by activating ergosterol with ultraviolet light. It is not naturally present in the human body. After vitamin D is formed in the skin or taken orally, it is metabolized into two different substances within the body: calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D) and calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D). Calcidiol is the body’s main storage form of vitamin D, while calcitriol (made from calcidoil) is “activated” vitamin D. Although D2 and D3 are similar biochemically, a recent study reported D3 to be approximately 87% more potent in raising and maintaining serum calcidiol concentrations and in producing two- to threefold greater storage of vitamin D than did equimolar D2.*[20]

References

Multi w/o iron

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2. Toffanello ED, Inelmen EM, Minicuci N, et al. Ten-year trends in vitamin intake in free-living healthy elderly people: the risk of subclinical malnutrition. J Nutr Health Aging. 2011 Feb;15(2):99-103. [PMID: 21365161]

3. Block G, Jensen CD, Norkus EP, et al. Usage patterns, health, and nutritional status of long-term multiple dietary supplement users: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J. 2007 Oct 24;6:30. [PMID: 17958896]

4. Fletcher RH, Fairfield KM. Vitamins for chronic disease prevention in adults: clinical applications. JAMA. 2002 Jun 19;287(23):3127-29. [PMID: 12069676]

5. Moshfegh AJ, Goldman JD, Ahuja JK, et al. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. What we eat in America, Nhanes 2005-2006. Usual nutrient intakes from food and water compared to 1997 dietary reference intakes for vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. http://www.ars. usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/12355000/pdf/0506/usual_nutrient_intake_vitD_ ca_phos_mg_2005-06.pdf Published July 2009. Accessed February 22, 2011.

6. What we eat in America. WIN Notes. Weight Control Information Network. http://win.niddk.nih.gov/notes/winter99/artcl6.htm. Accessed July 22, 2011.

7. Milk Processor Education Program. What America’s Missing: A 2011 Report on the Nation’s Nutrient Gap. Why Milk.com. http://www.whymilk.com/pdfs/ what_americas_missing.pdf. Accessed August 3, 2011.

8. Alexy U, Libuda L, Mersmann S, Kersting M. Convenience foods in children’s diet and association with dietary quality and body weight status. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011 Feb;65(2):160-66. [PMID: 21139631]

9. Kiyose C, Muramatsu R, Kameyama Y, et al. Biodiscrimination of alphatocopherol stereoisomers in humans after oral administration. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Mar;65(3):785-89. [PMID: 9062530]

10. Burton GW, Traber MG, Acuff RV, et al. Human plasma and tissue alphatocopherol concentrations in response to supplementation with deuterated natural and synthetic vitamin E. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Apr;67(4):669-84. [PMID: 9537614]

11. Venn BJ, Green TJ, Moser R, et al. Comparison of the effect of low-dose supplementation with L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate or folic acid on plasma homocysteine: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Mar;77(3):658-62. [PMID: 12600857]

12. Sallares J, Petschen I, Camps X, inventors; Ferrar Internacional, S.A., applicant. Process for the production of methylcobalamin. International publication number [English] WO 2006100059 A1. September 28, 2006

Omega Oil 900 TG

1. IFOS Consumer Reports. http://www.ifosprogram.com/consumerreports.aspx. Accessed August 16, 2013.

2. Oelrich B, Dewell A, Gardner CD. Effect of fish oil supplementation on serum triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and LDL subfractions in hypertriglyceridemic adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2011 Sep 15. Epub ahead of print. [PMID: 21924882]

3. Storey A, McArdle F, Friedmann PS, et al. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid reduce UVB- and TNF alpha-induced IL-8 secretion in keratinocytes and UVB-induced IL-8 in fibrolasts. J Invest Dermatol. 2005 Jan;124(1):248-55. [PMID: 15654981]

4. Kim YJ, Kim HJ, No JK, et al. Anti-inflammatory action of dietary fish oil and calorie restriction. Life Sci. 2006 Apr 18;78(21):2523-32. [PMID: 16438990]

5. Maroon JC, Bost JW. Omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) as an antiinflammatory: an alternative to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for discogenic pain. Surg Neurol. 2006 Apr;65(4):326-31. [PMID: 16531187]

6. Weylandt KH, Chiu CY, Gomolka B, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids and their lipid mediators: towards an understanding of resolvin and protectin formation. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2012 Mar;97(3-4):73- 82. [PMID: 22326554]

7. Kremmyda LS, Tvrzicka E, Stankova B, et al. Fatty acids as biocompounds: their role in human metabolism, health and disease: a review. part 2: fatty acid physiological roles and applications in human health and disease. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2011 Sep;155(3):195-218. [PMID: 22286806]

8. Frangou S, Lewis M, McCrone P. Efficacy of ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid in bipolar depression: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Br J Psychiatry. 2006 Jan;188:46-50. [PMID: 16388069]

9. Kankaanpaa P, Sutas Y, Salminen S, et al. Dietary fatty acids and allergy. Ann Med. 1999 Aug;31(4):282-87. [PMID: 10480759]

10. Ebbesson SO, Risica PM, Ebbesson LO, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids improve glucose tolerance and components of the metabolic syndrome in Alaskan Eskimos: the Alaska Siberia project. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2005 Sep:64(4):396-408. [PMID:16277123]

11. Nettleton JA, Katz R. n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in type 2 diabetes: a review. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005 Mar;105(3):428-40. [PMID:15746832]

12. Weitz D, Weintraub H, Fisher E, et al. Fish oil for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Cardiol Rev. 2010 Sep-Oct;18(5):258-63. [PMID: 20699674]

13. Psota TL, Gebauer SK, Kris-Etherton P. Dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake and cardiovascular risk. Am J Cardiol. 2006 Aug 21;98(4A):3i18i. [PMID: 16919512]

14. Sasaki J, Yokoyama M, Matsuzaki M, et al. Relationship between coronary artery disease and non-HDL-C, and effect of highly purified EPA on the risk of coronary artery disease in hypercholesterolemic patients treated with statins: sub-analysis of the Japan EPA Lipid Intervention Study (JELIS). J Atheroscler Thromb. 2012;19(2):194- 204. [PMID: 22186099]

15. Zhang J, Wang C, Li L, et al. Inclusion of Atlantic salmon in the Chinese diet reduces cardiovascular disease risk markers in dyslipidemic adult men. Nutr Res. 2010 Jul;30(7):447-54. [PMID: 20797476]

16. 16. Arterburn LM, Hall EB, Oken H. Distribution, interconversion, and dose response of n-3 fatty acids in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jun;83(6 Suppl):1467S-1476S. Review. [PMID: 16841856]

Vitamin D3 5000

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2. Cannell JJ, Hollis BW. Use of vitamin D in clinical practice. Altern Med Rev. 2008 Mar;13(1):6-20. [PMID: 18377099]

3. Heany RP. Vitamin D in health and disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Sep;3(5):1535-41. [PMID: 18525006]

4. Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Krall EA, et al. Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:670-76. [PMID: 9278463]

5. Papadimitropoulos E, Wells G, Shea B, et al. Meta-analyses of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis. VIII: Meta-analysis of the efficacy of vitamin D treatment in preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Endocr Rev. 2002;23:560-69. [PMID: 12202471]

6. Lips P, Bouillon R, van Schoor NM, et al. Reducing fracture risk with calcium and vitamin D. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2010 Sep;73(3):277-85. [PMID: 20796001]

7. Garland CF, French CB, Baggerly LL, et al. Vitamin d supplement doses and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d in the range associated with cancer prevention. Anticancer Res. 2011 Feb;31(2):607-11. [PMID: 21378345]

8. Raman M, Milestone AN, Walters JR, et al. Vitamin D and gastrointestinal diseases: inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2011 Jan;4(1):49-62. [PMID: 21317994]

9. Humble MB. Vitamin D, light and mental health. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2010 Nov;101(2):142-49. [PMID: 18445674]

10. Grant WB, Soles CM. Epidemiologic evidence supporting the role of maternal vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for the development of infantile autism. Dermatoendocrinol. 2009 Jul;1(4):223-28. [PMID: 20592795]

11. Currenti SA. Understanding and determining the etiology of autism. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2010 Mar;30(2):161-71. [PMID: 19774457]

12. Naito M, Miyaki K, Naito T, et al. Association between vitamin D receptor gene haplotypes and chronic periodontitis among Japanese men. Int J Med Sci. 2007 Aug;4(4):216-22. [PMID: 17848979]

13. McGrath JJ, Burne TH, Féron F, et al. Developmental vitamin D deficiency and risk of schizophrenia: a 10-year update. Schizophr Bull. 2010 Nov;36(6):1073- 78. [PMID: 20833696]

14. Gandini S, Boniol M, Haukka J, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and colorectal, breast and prostate cancer and colorectal adenoma. Int J Cancer. 2011 Mar;128(6):1414-24. doi: 10.1002/ ijc.25439. [PMID: 20473927]

15. Yin L, Grandi N, Raum E, et al. Meta-analysis: circulating vitamin D and ovarian cancer risk. Gynecol Oncol. 2011 Feb 14. [Epub ahead of print] [PMID: 21324518]

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MCHC plus Mag

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2. Stellon A, Davies A, Webb A, et al. Microcrystalline hydroxyapatite compound in prevention of bone loss in corticosteroid-treated patients with chronic active hepatitis. Postgrad Med J. 1985 Sep;61(719):791-6. [PMID: 2997764]

3. Buclin T, Jacquet AF, Burckhardt P. Intestinal absorption of calcium gluconate and oseine-mineral complex: an evaluation by conventional analyses [in French]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1986 Dec 13;116(50):1780-3. [PMID: 3026039]

4. Epstein O, Kato Y, Dick R, et al. Vitamin D, hydroxyapatite, and calcium gluconate in treatment of cortical bone thinning in postmenopausal women with primary biliary cirrhosis. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982 Sep;36(3):426-30. [PMID: 6287835]

5. Stepan JJ, Mohan S, Jennings JC, et al. Quantitation of growth factors in ossein-mineral-compound. Life Sci. 1991;49(13):PL79-84. [PMID: 1653384]

6. Annefeld M, Caviezel R, Schacht E, et al. The influence of ossein-hydroxyapatite compound (‘MCHC plus Mag’) on the healing of a bone defect. Curr Med Res Opin. 1986;10(4):241-50. [PMID: 3022988]

7. Fernández-Pareja A, Hernández-Blanco E, Pérez-Maceda JM, et al. Prevention of osteoporosis: four-year follow-up of a cohort of postmenopausal women treated with an ossein-hydroxyapatite compound. Clin Drug Investig. 2007;27(4):227- 32. [PMID: 17358094]

8. Rüegsegger P, Keller A, Dambacher MA. Comparison of the treatment effects of ossein-hydroxyapatite compound and calcium carbonate in osteoporotic females. Osteoporos Int. 1995 Jan;5(1):30-4. [PMID: 7703621]

9. Khadzhiev A, Rachev E, Katsarova M, et al. The results of a clinical trial of the preparation MCHC plus Mag [in Bulgarian]. Akush Ginekol (Sofiia). 1990;29(4):85-7. [PMID: 2176437]

10. Castelo-Branco C, Martínez de Osaba MJ, Pons F, et al. Ossein-hydroxyapatite compounds for preventing postmenopausal bone loss. Coadjuvant use with hormone replacement therapy. J Reprod Med. 1999 Mar;44(3):241-6. [PMID: 10202741]

11. Castelo-Branco C, Pons F, Vicente JJ, et al. Preventing postmenopausal bone loss with ossein-hydroxyapatite compounds. Results of a two-year, prospective trial. J Reprod Med. 1999 Jul;44(7):601-5. [PMID: 10442322]

12. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Status of Members. OIE-World Organization for Animal Health Web site. http://www.oie.int/animal-health-in-the-world/ official-disease-status/bse/list-of-bse-risk-status/. Accessed May 9, 2014.

13. Malic acid can be the right ligand for certain applications. Albion® Research Notes. April 2003;12(2). http://www.albionhumannutrition.com/research-notes/ download?start=40. Accessed May 9, 2014.