PINK Label – Immune System Support

Immune Balance

Every day, whether by choice or by chance, millions of people encounter physical, emotional, and physiological stress that can challenge the immune system. Immune Balance™ is formulated to provide support for immune system function and antioxidant activity.[1-5] Although sometimes recommended for daily use, this formula is also effective when employed at the first sign of immune challenge.

* Whole Glucan Particle (WGP), purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is the same high-quality 1,3/1,6 beta-glucan found in Beta G 250™. This form is considered to be the most effective[2,6-8] because it provides immune support without the impurities that can interfere with uptake and effectiveness.[3,6,9] Mannan, a potential trigger for cytokine-modulating reactions, has been removed.* Research indicates that orally administered yeast beta-glucan is processed by macrophages,[4,6,10,11] with subsequent increases in phagocytosis, selective cytokine release, and oxidative degranulation.[12] Macrophages degrade beta-glucan into small fragments that are then bound to neutrophils (granulocytes). This action primes the neutrophils and enhances their ability to eradicate microbial challenges.[6,9,13] Prophylactic administration of betaglucan promotes production of antioxidant enzymes and assists in ameliorating microbial imbalance.[5] Sustained release of beta-glucan fragments into bone marrow may affect white blood cell recovery, a unique mechanism of action exhibited by the beta-glucan found in Immune Balances.*[14]

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted during the peak of seasonal immune challenge. Subjects receiving 250 mg of WGP had a significant reduction in the number of days in which signs of immune distress were experienced.[15] A 12-week, randomized, phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 1,3/1,6 beta-glucan from S cerevisiae confirmed that long-term use was well tolerated and supported immune system function.*[3] Olive Leaf Extract, from the traditional medicinal plant Olea europaea, has been shown to possess an array of healthful attributes, including antioxidant properties and effective immune support against opportunistic microbes.

Olive leaf’s multifaceted effects on the immune system include the ability to stimulate phagocytosis (an immune response against harmful microbes) and neutralize production of reverse transcriptase and protease enzymes that can adversely alter the ribonucleic acid (RNA) of healthy cells.*[16-18] Oleuropein, a bitter glycoside that was isolated from olive leaf in the late 19th century,[19] was found to be further hydrolyzed in the body to elenolic acid, which is believed to be its most active component. Research reveals that both olive leaf extract and oleuropein exert positive immune effects, but olive leaf acts in a dose-dependent manner; that is, the greater the dose of olive leaf, the greater the inhibition of microbial replication.[17] Immune Balance provides concentrated olive leaf extract that is standardized to 20% oleuropein, while less concentrated formulas are standardized to as little as 6% oleuropein.*

Vitamin C (as ascorbic acid) is a well-known antioxidant and plays an important role in immune support.[20] While most mammals are able to synthesize ascorbic acid, humans are unable to. They can quickly become depleted if intake is inadequate or requirements are increased due to exposure to stress, smoking, pollution, and temperature changes.* Vitamin C supplementation has been studied for more than six decades with respect to moderating the severity or duration of acute immune challenges. Benefits are most notable in cases of extreme physical stress.[20] A Cochrane Review examined 65 years of placebo controlled studies (55 studies) in which at least 200 mg of vitamin C was administered. Within three meta-analyses, in a subgroup of six studies, vitamin C reduced signs of acute immune challenge on an average of 50% in marathon runners, skiers, and soldiers that had been physically stressed or exposed to cold temperatures.*[21]

Probiotic Immune

Diversity of gut microflora is characteristic of a healthy GI microbiome and contributes to overall health and vitality by promoting optimum digestion, assimilation, gut integrity, motility, and efficient removal of toxins and waste. Many internal and external influences, including stress, a poor diet, food sensitivities, medication, environmental factors, and certain disease conditions, can impact the microbial balance within this fine-tuned community.

Their impact can allow for potential colonization by pathogenic organisms and disrupt a healthy balance, which can result in adverse effects ranging from GI symptoms to impaired immune response.[1-3] Probiotics are part of the key to promoting the optimal balance of the microbiome,[4] whether they originate from dietary sources or from supplements. Providing an increased supply of immunoglobulins also encourages a healthy balance of bacteria in the intestine.

Due to the link between gut health and systemic health, supporting immunity through enhancement of a healthy GI microbiome balance promotes overall health.* LactoSpore® (Bacillus coagulans MTCC5856) Lactic acid-producing bacteria are suggested to play a role in GI microecology. They prevent the growth of non-beneficial microorganisms through competitive inhibition, generation of non-conducive acidic environments, and production of antibiotic-like substances.[5] B coagulans is a unique lactic acid-producing probiotic strain featuring a thermostable spore coating that enables viability throughout shelf life and the ability to survive gastric secretions intact until reaching the gut.[6]

B coagulans has a well-documented safety profile.[7] It received premarket safety approval in Canada in 2014 and has USFDA GRAS status. Furthermore, since its market introduction over 20 years ago, extensive research has suggested several beneficial physiological roles for LactoSpore*: GI Health Studies have suggested a role for B coagulans in improvement of both acute and chronic GI symptoms due to abnormalities in intestinal flora.*[8,9] B coagulans is indicated for reducing discomfort of intestinal gas. In a study of adults (n=61) with post-prandial abdominal pain, distention, and flatulence but no GI diagnosis, improvement on a GI symptom rating scale was noted for 10 of 12 variables with significant improvement in three of 12 GI variables.[10] Additional studies have shown efficacy in the management of GI problems associated with infections or the use of antibiotics.*[11,12] The effect of B coagulans on pain, discomfort, and bloating in patients (n=44) with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was evaluated over an eight-week period with statistically significant improvements noted from baseline value using a self-assessment score.[13] Adding significance to the benefits for use in IBS, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of LactoSpore in IBS patients (n=36) over a 90-day period suggested that daily supplementation with two billion spores significantly decreased symptoms of vomiting, bloating, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and stool frequency (P<0.01).[14] This study ultimately resulted in licensure of a Canadian health claim for the use of LactoSpore to address IBS.*

Hyperlipidemia and Vaginal Health While the evidence base supporting B coagulans is most notable for GI health, effects on maintaining blood lipid levels already within a healthy range have been demonstrated.[15-17] In an open-label fixed-dose trial of 17 patients with hyperlipidemia, a daily regimen of B coagulans for 12 weeks suggested a significant reduction in total serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. The level of HDL cholesterol was marginally increased with no change in serum triglyceride concentrations noted.[16] It has also been suggested that B coagulans plays a role in the beneficial management of non-specific vaginitis.*[18-20] IgY Max™ Hyperimmunized Egg Powder Microbial imbalance occurs when non-beneficial bacteria over-proliferate in the gut, taking up vital nutrients that beneficial flora need to survive.[21] As an innovative approach to modifying the composition of the microbiome, ProbioMax IG 26 DF combines LactoSpore with IgY Max to help promote the attachment of beneficial flora and address non-beneficial bacteria by imparting passive immunity in the intestinal tract, thus allowing the beneficial flora to thrive.* Decades ago, immunology researchers began investigating the possible health benefits to humans that could be achieved by the consumption of products from hyperimmunized lactating cows and laying hens.[22]

Agricultural scientists soon discovered that they could simultaneously immunize a single laying hen against multiple human germs. The resulting avian immunoglobulins, known as IgY, are transferred to the egg yolk, paralleling the way human immunoglobulins (IgG) are passed to the placenta. From this discovery, a new functional food was born: the “hyperimmune egg.” IgY Max is the result of special hyperimmune egg harvesting and processing techniques that result in a polyvalent, immunoglobulin-rich, dried hyperimmune egg food product that can be consumed as a dietary supplement. Hyperimmune egg provides a concentrated source of environmentally specific IgY antibodies and immune-supporting cofactors that can confer passive immunity to those who consume it.[22-27] There are over 100 patents associated with the production of hyperimmune egg and its use in animals and humans. Additionally, IgY Max is self-affirmed GRAS—a designation that affirms safe consumption— and it holds a Food Additive Master File number.*[28] Furthermore, in-vitro, animal, and human studies of hyperimmune egg and IgY have shown that supplemental IgY from hyperimmune egg imparts passive immunity in the intestinal tract.*[22,23,27,29-32]An eight-week open-label pilot study (n=6) utilizing two 500 mg capsules of IgY Max two times per day explored their effect on microbial diversity (through stool analyses) and biomarkers of gut wall integrity (zonulin, histamine, and diamine oxidase) in subjects with mild-to-moderate GI complaints. Subjective data included reports of “a decrease in gas and bloating” and “feeling more energy” suggesting improved quality-of-life measures. Objective markers showed a decrease in gut permeability and an overall increase in beneficial flora.*[33] Randomized controlled trials have suggested that IgY plays a significant role in the management of rotavirus-associated diarrhea. In a study of children (n=150) with severe diarrhea who were randomly divided into control, probiotic, and immunoglobulin groups, subjects in the immunoglobulin group had a significantly increased fecal secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) level after one day of treatment, a significantly decreased frequency of diarrhea and fecal rotavirus shedding after three days of treatment, and a significantly shorter disease course (4.5±1.0 vs 5.8±1.7 days; P<0.05).These results suggested that although probiotics can reduce intestinal flora imbalance and prevent secondary intestinal bacterial infection, they take a longer time to relieve clinical symptoms and cannot shorten the course of disease.[25] In an additional study, rotavirus-positive children (n=52) were randomized into IgY group and placebo IgY group, with all patients receiving standard supportive therapy for diarrhea.

When compared to placebo, the IgY group had statistically significant reduction in oral and intravenous rehydration fluid intake, duration of diarrhea from day of admission, and duration of rotavirus clearance from stool from day of admission.*[27] In addition to IgY immunoglobulins, hyperimmune egg also contains immunoregulatory factors that act directly on GI surfaces where they may influence effector cells and also circulate systemically where they act as intercellular communicators. As intercellular communicators, they are responsible for the regulation of a variety of immune, hormonal, and metabolic pathways that have widespread systemic effects.[22] Preliminary studies suggest that these immunoregulatory factors benefit cytokine modulation, joint health, blood lipid metabolism, exercise performance, and overall wellness.*[22,26]

Multi Without Iron

Balanced Profile Vitamins and minerals work synergistically and cooperatively when present in proper amounts. However, imbalances between micronutrients can disrupt this synergistic relationship, possibly leading to instances of competitive intestinal absorption or displacement at the metabolic/cellular level, which can produce relative excesses and insufficiencies. For this reason, Multi Without Iron formulas feature a balanced nutrient profile that includes calcium and magnesium, zinc and copper, vitamins C and E, bioactive folate, vitamin B12, B vitamin complex, beta-carotene, and trace elements.*

Bioavailability- The micronutrients are provided in bioavailable forms so that they can be better absorbed and utilized. Multi Without Iron formulas contain a full complement of Albion® patented mineral chelates and complexes. Albion is a recognized world leader in mineral amino acid chelate nutrition and manufactures highly bioavailable nutritional mineral forms that are validated by third party research and clinical studies. Not only do these formulas contain natural vitamin E, which has been proven to be up to 100% more bioavailable than synthetic dl-alpha-tocopherol, but it is also provides mixed tocopherols to more closely approximate how one might consume vitamin E in healthful foods.[9,10] Folate is provided as 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF)—the most bioactive form of folate.[11] Multi Without Iron formulas feature 5-MTHF as Quatrefolic®, which is proven to have greater stability, solubility, and bioavailability over calcium salt forms of 5-MTHF. Vitamin B12 is provided as MecobalActive™. This patented form of methylcobalamin has very high purity; no harmful solvents are used in its production.[12] Vitamins B2 and B6 are also provided in activated forms.*

Energy Production Multi Without Iron formulas provide generous levels of B vitamins, which serve as prime coenzymes in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation and as cofactors in amino acid and lipid metabolism. The balanced presence of B vitamins is essential to their cooperative functioning and excellent for those with stressful lifestyles.* Antioxidant Protection Vitamins E and C, selenium, zinc, beta carotene, and trace elements provide broad-spectrum antioxidant activity. Their combined presence supports their ability to regenerate each other and maintain consistent levels of antioxidant activity both intra- and extracellularly.* Detoxification Support Xenobiotics, including environmental pollutants and medications, must undergo biotransformation into molecules that can be easily excreted from the body. There are significant levels of bioavailable riboflavin, niacin, folate, and B12 present in these formulas to support phase I detoxification. Beta carotene, vitamin C, tocopherols, selenium, copper, zinc, and manganese are present to protect tissues from reactive intermediates formed between phase I and phase II detoxification.*

This high-quality, hypoallergenic, multivitamin/mineral blend includes activated vitamins; folate as Quatrefolic® (5-MTHF) for optimal utilization; and patented Albion® TRAACS® chelated mineral complexes in vegetarian capsules. The comprehensive nutrient profile in Multi Without Iron® supports foundational wellness; antioxidant activity with vitamins C and E, selenium, and beta-carotene; and phase I detoxification.*

Vitamin D3 5000

While vitamin D3 5000(cholecalciferol) is made in the skin when 7-dehydrocholesterol reacts with sunlight, many things affect the degree to which this biosynthesis occurs, including time of day, seasons, location, smog/pollution, clothing, shade of skin (darker skin requires more sun), and sunscreen use. Low-cholesterol diets and certain cholesterol therapies can also affect vitamin D formation. By some estimates, one billion people worldwide have vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency.[1]

Reversing deficiency and maintaining optimal serum vitamin D levels beneficially impacts biochemistry and numerous body systems; this is largely because calcitriol—the metabolic product of vitamin D—is a secosteroid hormone that targets over 200 genes in a wide variety of tissues.[2,3] As the research demonstrates, vitamin D is clearly imperative for the development, growth, and maintenance of a healthy body from gestation to senescence.* Bone Health The body needs vitamin D to absorb calcium, and the importance of vitamin D in skeletal health and bone density is well established. Although bone density is most often associated with calcium intakes, insufficient vitamin D negatively affects calcium absorption.[3] Without adequate absorption, the body must take calcium from its stores in the skeleton, which weakens existing bone and prevents the formation of strong, new bone.

Clinical research shows that taking vitamin D orally with calcium supplements can support healthy bone turnover[4-6], and adequate calcium and vitamin D throughout life—as part of a well-balanced diet—may reduce the risk of osteoporosis.* The Expanding Roles of Vitamin D The role of vitamin D in good health continues to expand as the knowledge of this vitamin’s effects on different body systems grows. Research now suggests that optimal serum levels of vitamin D support normal cell differentiation,[3,7] cardiovascular health,[2,3] normal immune function,[8] good balance,[2] healthy mood,[9] normal fetal development,[10] neuronal growth and neurodevelopment,[2,3,10,11] healthy glucose metabolism,[2,3] musculoskeletal comfort,[2,3] periodontal health,[12] and normal intestinal immune responses.[8]

Areas of research that have gained momentum over the past several years concern the relationship of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency to changes in cellular proliferation, changes in fetal brain development, and mental health. [7,10,13-15] Evidence is also mounting that vitamin D supplementation may provide key immune support.*[16-19] D2, D3, and Metabolites As previously stated, D3 is the form of vitamin D produced in the skin. D2 (ergocalciferol) is derived from fungal sources by activating ergosterol with ultraviolet light. It is not naturally present in the human body. After vitamin D is formed in the skin or taken orally, it is metabolized into two different substances within the body: calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D) and calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D). Calcidiol is the body’s main storage form of vitamin D, while calcitriol (made from calcidoil) is “activated” vitamin D. Although D2 and D3 are similar biochemically, a recent study reported D3 to be approximately 87% more potent in raising and maintaining serum calcidiol concentrations and in producing two- to threefold greater storage of vitamin D than did equimolar D2.*[20]

References

Immune Balance

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2. Vetvicka V, Terayama K, Mandeville R, et al. Pilot study: orally-administered yeast ß1,3-glucan prophylactically protects against anthrax infection and cancer in mice. JANA. 2002;5(2):5-9. Reprint. http://www.ana-jana.org/Journal/ journals/JANAVol52.pdf. Accessed June 6, 2012.

3. Feldman S, Schwartz HI, Kalman DS, et al. Randomized phase II clinical trials of Wellmune WGP® for immune support during cold and flu season. J Appl Res. 2009 March-June;9(1&2):30-42. http://jrnlappliedresearch.com/articles/ Vol9Iss1/FeldmanVol9No1.pdf. Accessed June 6, 2012.

4. Yan J, Allendorf DJ, Brandley B. Yeast whole glucan particle (WGP) beta-glucan in conjunction with antitumour monoclonal antibodies to treat cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2005 May;5 (5):691-702. [PMID: 15934844]

5. Senoglu N, Yuzbasioglu MF, Aral M, et al. Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine and beta-glucan pretreatment on oxidative stress in cecal ligation and puncture model of sepsis. J Invest Surg. 2008 Sep-Oct;21(5):237-43. [PMID: 19160131]

6. Driscoll M, Hansen R, Ding C, et al. Therapeutic potential of various beta-glucan sources in conjunction with anti-tumor monoclonal antibody in cancer therapy. Cancer Biol Ther. 2009 Feb;8(3):218-25. [PMID: 19106638]

7. Vetvicka V. Glucan-immunostimulant, adjuvant, potential drug. World J Clin Oncol. 2011 Feb 10;2(2):115-9. [PMID: 21603320]

8. Natural Standard Database. http://naturalstandard.com/databases/ herbs supplements/betaglucan.asp. Accessed June 7, 2012.

9. Liang J, Melican D, Cafro L, et al. Enhanced clearance of a multiple antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus in rats treated with PGG-glucan is associated with increased leukocyte counts and increased neutrophil oxidative burst activity. IntJ Immunopharmacol. 1998 Nov;20(11):595-614. [PMID: 9848393]

10. Tian J, Ma J, Wang S, et al. Increased expression of mGITRL on D2SC/1 cells by particulate ß-glucan impairs the suppressive effect of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells and enhances the effector T cell proliferation. Cell Immunol. 2011 May 10;270(2):183-7. [PMID: 21636079]

11. Qi C, Cai Y, Gunn L, et al. Differential pathways regulating innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses by particulate and soluble yeast-derived ß-glucans. Blood. 2011 Jun 23;117(25):6825-36. [PMID: 21531981]

12. Pelizon AC, Kaneno R, Soares AM, et al. Immunomodulatory activities associated with beta-glucan derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Physiol Res. 2005;54(5):557-64. [PMID: 16238470]

13. Tsikitis V, Albina J, Reichner J. Beta-glucan affects leukocyte navigation in a complex chemotactic ingredient. Surgery. 2004 Aug;136(2):384-9. [PMID: 15300205]

14. Turnbull, JL, Patchen ML, Scadden DT. The polysaccharide, PGGglucan, enhances human myelopoiesis by direct action independent of and additive to early-acting cytokines. Acta Haematol. 1999;102(2):66-71. [PMID: 10529508]

15. Fuller R, Yam T, Butt H, et al. A randomised controlled trial to assess the ability of yeast-derived 1,3/1,6 glucopolysaccharide to reduce upper respiratory tract infection symptoms. In: Programme and Abstracts of the 1st UK International Functional Food Conference; Nov 25-26; 2010; Oxford, UK. http://www.shs. brookes.ac.uk/images/pdfs/research/functional-food/conference/conferenceprogramme_v3_nov-2010.pdf. Accessed June 7, 2012.

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17. Micol V, Caturla N, Pérez-Fons L, et al. The olive leaf extract exhibits antiviral activity against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia rhabdovirus (VHSV). Antiviral Res. 2005 Jun;66(2-3): 129-36. [PMID: 15869811]

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19. Ritchason J. Olive Leaf Extract. Salt Lake City, UT: Woodland Publishing Incorporated; 2007.

20. Schlueter AK, Johnston CS. Vitamin C: Overview and Update. J Evid-Based Comp & Alt Med (JEBCAM). 2011 Jan;16(1):49-57. http://chp.sagepub.com/ content/16/1/49.full.pdf+html. Accessed June 4, 2012. 21. Douglas RM, Hemilä H, Chalker E, et al. Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold.

Probiotic Immune

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2. Lloyd-Price J, Abu-Ali G, Huttenhower C. The healthy human microbiome. Genome Med. 2016 Apr 27;8(1):51. [PMID: 27122046]

3. Xu Z, Knight R. Dietary effects on human gut microbiome diversity. Br J Nutr. 2015 Jan;113 Suppl:S1-5. [PMID: 25498959]

4. Grimm V, Riedel CU. Manipulation of the microbiota using probiotics. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;902:109-17. [PMID: 27161354]

5. Majeed M, Prakash L. Probiotics for Health and Well-Being. White Paper. East Windsor, NJ: Sabinsa Corporation; 2014.

6. Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K, Natarajan S, et al. Evaluation of genetic and phenotypic consistency of Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856: a commercial probiotic strain. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016 Apr;32(4):60. [PMID: 26925622]

7. Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K, Natarajan S, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel Study evaluating the safety of Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 in healthy individuals. J Clin Toxicol. 2016;6;283:2161-0495. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000283.

8. Hyronimus B, Le Marrec C, Urdaci MC. Coagulin, a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances produced by Bacillus coagulans I4. J Appl Microbiol. 1998 Jul;85(1):42-50. [PMID: 9721655]

9. Duc le H, Hong HA, Barbosa TM, et al. Characterization of Bacillus probiotics available for human use. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Apr;70(4):2161-71. [PMID: 15066809]

10. Kalman DS, Schwartz P, Alvarez S, et al. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group dual site trial to evaluate the effects of a Bacillus coagulans-based product on functional intestinal gas symptoms. BMC gastroenterology. 2009 Nov 18;9:85. [PMID: 19922649]

11. Chandra RK. Effect of Lactobacillus on the incidence and severity of acute rotavirus diarrhoea in infants. A prospective placebo-controlled double-blind study. Nutrition research. 2002 Jan-Feb;22(1-2):65-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(01)00367-0.

12. La Rosa M, Bottaro G, Gulino N, et al. Prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea with Lactobacillus sporogens and fructo-oligosaccharides in children. A multicentric double-blind vs placebo study [in Italian]. Minerva pediatrica. 2003 Oct;55(5):447-52. [PMID: 14608267]

13. Hun L. Bacillus coagulans significantly improved abdominal pain and bloating in patients with IBS. Postgrad Med. 2009 Mar;121(2):119-24. [PMID: 19332970]

14. Majeed M, Nagabhushanam K, Natarajan S, et al. Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 supplementation in the management of diarrhea predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: a double blind randomized placebo controlled pilot clinical study. Nutr J. 2016 Feb 27;15:21. [PMID: 26922379]

15. Balliett M, Burke JR. Changes in anthropometric measurements, body composition, blood pressure, lipid profile, and testosterone in patients participating in a low-energy dietary intervention. J Chiropr Med. 2013 Mar;12(1):3-14. [PMID: 23997718]

16. Mohan JC, Arora R, Khalilullah M. Short term hypolipidemic effects of oral lactobacillus sporogenes therapy in patients with primary dyslipidemias. Indian Heart J. 1990 Sep-Oct;42(5):361-4. [PMID: 2086441]

17. Mohan JC, Arora R, Khalilullah M. Preliminary observations on effect of Lactobacillus sporogenes on serum lipid levels in hypercholesterolemic patients. Indian J Med Res. 1990 Dec;92:431-2. [PMID: 2079358]

18. Sankholkar PC, Sali M. “Myconip” (Sporlac) vaginal tablets in non-specific vaginitis. Clinical study report from B. J. Medical College, Pune, India. Unpublished. [on file]

19. Kale V, Trivedi RV, Wate SP, et al. Development and evaluation of a suppository formulation containing Lactobacillus and its application in vaginal diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 Nov;1056:359-65. [PMID: 16387701]

20. Riazi S, Dover SE, Chikindas ML. Mode of action and safety of lactosporin, a novel antimicrobial protein produced by Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050. J Appl Microbiol. 2012 Sep;113(3):714-22. [PMID: 22737982]

21. Kamada N, Chen GY, Inohara N, et al. Control of pathogens and pathobionts by the gut microbiota. Nat Immunol. 2013 Jul;14(7):685-90. [PMID: 23778796]

22. Dean KL. Hyperimmune eggs capture natural immune support. Altern Complemen Ther. 2000 June;6(3):118-24. http://www.ah-gene.com.tw/pic/digi/71014101140_hug1.pdf. Accessed June 30, 2017.

23. Sarker SA, Casswall TH, Juneja LR, et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of hyperimmunized chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin in children with rotavirus diarrhea. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2001 Jan;32(1):19-25. [PMID: 11176319]

24. Mine Y, Kovacs-Nolan J. Chicken egg yolk antibodies as therapeutics in enteric infectious disease: a review. J Med Food. 2002 Fall;5(3):159-69. [PMID: 12495588]

25. Xie YM, Gao S, Wang LY, et al. Therapeutic effect of probiotics and oral IgY as supplementary drugs in the treatment of pediatric rotavirus enteritis: a comparative study [in Chinese]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2013 Nov;15(11):1000-05. [PMID: 24229598]

26. Rahman S, Van Nguyen S, Icatlo FC Jr, et al. Oral passive IgY-based immunotherapeutics: a novel solution for prevention and treatment of alimentary tract diseases. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2013 May;9(5):1039-48. [PMID: 23319156]

27. Rahman S, Higo-Moriguchi K, Htun KW, et al. Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of immunoglobulin Y as adjunct to standard supportive therapy for rotavirus-associated diarrhea among pediatric patients. Vaccine. 2012 Jun 29;30(31):4661-69. [PMID: 22575165]

28. Artis AM. Food and Drug Administration Food Additive Master File 000595. May 17, 1996.

29. Fujibayashi T, Nakamura M, Tominaga A, et al. Effects of IgY against Candida albicans and Candida spp. Adherence and biofilm formation. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2009 Sep;62(5):337-42. [PMID: 19762981]

30. Ikemori Y, Ohta M, Umeda K, et al. Passive protection of neonatal calves against bovine coronavirus induced diarrhea by administration of egg yolk or colostrum antibody powder. Vet Microbiol. 1997 Nov;58(2-4):105-11. [PMID: 9453122]

31. Jüngling A, Wiedemann V, Kühlmann R, et al. Chicken egg antibodies for prophylaxis and therapy of infectious intestinal diseases. IV. In vitro studies on protective effects against adhesion of enterotoxogenic Escherichia coli to isolated enterocytes. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B. 1991 Jul;38(5):373-81. [PMID: 1681635]

32. Buragohain M, Dhale G, Ghalsasi G, et al. Evaluation of hyperimmune hen egg yolk derived antihuman rotavirus antibodies (anti-hrvigy) against rotavirus infection. World J Vaccines. 2012;2:73- 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjv.2012.22010. Accessed June 30, 2017.

33. Burdette C, Heck M. IG 26 DF: Gut Health Support. Poster presented at: Xymogen Xperience Conference; June 24, 2016; Orlando, FL. https://www.igynutrition.com/burdette. Accessed July 1, 2017.

Multi w/o iron

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2. Toffanello ED, Inelmen EM, Minicuci N, et al. Ten-year trends in vitamin intake in free-living healthy elderly people: the risk of subclinical malnutrition. J Nutr Health Aging. 2011 Feb;15(2):99-103. [PMID: 21365161]

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5. Moshfegh AJ, Goldman JD, Ahuja JK, et al. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. What we eat in America, Nhanes 2005-2006. Usual nutrient intakes from food and water compared to 1997 dietary reference intakes for vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. http://www.ars. usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/12355000/pdf/0506/usual_nutrient_intake_vitD_ ca_phos_mg_2005-06.pdf Published July 2009. Accessed February 22, 2011.

6. What we eat in America. WIN Notes. Weight Control Information Network. http://win.niddk.nih.gov/notes/winter99/artcl6.htm. Accessed July 22, 2011.

7. Milk Processor Education Program. What America’s Missing: A 2011 Report on the Nation’s Nutrient Gap. Why Milk.com. http://www.whymilk.com/pdfs/ what_americas_missing.pdf. Accessed August 3, 2011.

8. Alexy U, Libuda L, Mersmann S, Kersting M. Convenience foods in children’s diet and association with dietary quality and body weight status. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011 Feb;65(2):160-66. [PMID: 21139631]

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